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Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tubes for Condensers and Heat Exchangers

This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 338; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision , the year of last revision A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon(E) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reaproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope

1.1 This specification covers the requirements for 18 grades of titanium and titanium alloy tubing intended for surface condensers, evaporators, and heat exchangers, as follows:

1.1.1 Grade 1—Unalloyed titanium

1.1.2 Grade 2—Unalloyed titanium

1.1.3 Grade 3—Unalloyed titanium

1.1.4 Grade 7—Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25% palladium

1.1.5 Grade 9—titanium alloy(3% aluminum, 2.5% vanadium),

1.1.6 Grade 11—Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25% palladium,

1.1.7 Grade 12—titanium alloy(0.3% molybdenum,0.8% nickel),

1.1.8 Grade 13—titanium alloy (0.5% nickel, 0.05% ruthenium),

1.1.9 Grade 14—titanium alloy (0.5% nickel, 0.05% ruthenium),

1.1.10 Grade 15—titanium alloy (0.5% nickel, 0.05% ruthenium),

1.1.11 Grade 16—Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to 0.08% palladium,

1.1.12 Grade 17—Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to 0.08% palladium,

1.1.13 Grade 18—titanium alloy (3% aluminum, 2.5% vanadium) plus 0.04 to 0.08% palladium

1.1.14Grade 26—Unalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to 0.14% ruthenium,

1.1.15 Grade 27—Unalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to 0.14% ruthenium,

1.1.16 Grade 28—titanium alloy (3% aluminum, 2.5% vanadium) plus 0.08 to 0.14% ruthenium,

1.1.17 Grade 30—titanium alloy (0.3% cobalt, 0.05% palladium),and

1.1.18 Grade 31—titanium alloy (0.3% cobalt, 0.05% palladium).

1.2 Tubing covered by this specification shall be heat treated by at least a stress relief as defined in 5.3.

1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:

A 370 Test methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products

E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials

E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications

E 120 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys

E 1409 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas Fusion Technique

E 1447 Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas Fusion Thermal Conductivity Method

3 Terminology

3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:

3.1.1 lot (seamless tube),n—tubing of the same nominal size and wall thickness manufactured and heat-treated using the same process and equipment, made from the same production heat, and given the same finishing operation. For continuous anneal the lot shall be limited to the product of an 8 h period. For batch anneal, the lot shall be limited to a single furnace load.

3.1.2 lot(welded/cold worked tube),n—a number of pieces of tubing of the same nominal size and wall thickness manufactured by the same process from a single heat of titanium, heat treated in the same furnace batch, and given the same finishing operations.

3.1.3 lot(welded tube),n—tubing of the same nominal size and wall thickness welded and heat treated using the same process and equipment, made from the same production heat, and given the same finishing operation; the lot shall be limited to the product of an 8-h period. For batch processing, the lot shall be limited to a single furnace load.

4 Ordering Information

4.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the following information, as required:

4.1.1 Quantity,

4.1.2 Grade number (Section 1 ),

4.1.3 Diameter and wall thickness (Section 12)(Note 1),

4.1.4 Length(Section 2),

4.1.5 Method of manufacture and finish(Section 5 and 13),

4.1.6 Restrictive chemistry, if desired (Section 6 and Table 1),

4.1.7 Product analysis, if desired (Section 7 and Table 2),

4.1.8 Special mechanical properties, if desired(Section 8 and Table 3),

4.1.9 Nondestructive tests (Section 11),

4.1.10 Packaging(Section 23),

4.1.11 Inspection (Section 17), and

4.1.12 Certification (Section 21).

Note 1—Tube is available to specified outside diameter and wall thickness(state minimum or average wall).

5. Materials and Manufacture

5.1 Seamless tube shall be made from hollow billet by any cold reducing or cold drawing process that will yield a product meeting the requirements of this specification. Seamless tube is produced with a continuous periphery in all stages of manufacturing operations.

5.2 Welded tube shall be made from flat-rolled product by an automatic arc-welding process or other method of welding that will yield a product meeting the requirements of this specification. Use of a filler material is not permitted.

5.3 Welded/cold worked tube(WCS) shall be made from welded tube manufactured as specified in 5.2. The welded tube shall be sufficiently cold worked to final size in order to transform the cast weld microstructure into a typical  equiaxed microstructure in the weld upon subsequent heat treatment. The product shall meet the requirements for seamless tube of this specification.

5.4 The tube shall be furnished in the annealed condition with the exception of Grades 9, 18 and 28, which , at the option of the purchaser, can be furnished in either the annealed or the cold worked and stress relieved condition, defined as at a minimum temperature  of 600℉(316℃) for not less than 30min.

6 Chemical Requirements

6.1 the titanium shall conform to the chemical requirements prescribed in Table 1.

6.1.1 The elements listed in Table 1 are intentional alloy additions or elements that are inherent to the manufacture of titanium sponge, ingot, or mill product.

6.1.2 Elements intentionally added to the melt must be identified, analyzed, and reported in the chemical analysis.

6.2 When agreed upon by the producer and the purchaser and requested by the purchaser in the written purchase order, chemical analysis shall be completed fir specific residual elements not listed in this specification.

7. Product Analysis

7.1 When requested by the purchaser and stated in the purchase order, product analysis for any elements listed in Table 1 shall be made on the completed product.

7.1.1 Elements other than those listed in Table 1 are deemed to be capable of occurring in the grades listed in Table 1 by, and only by way of, unregulated or unanalyzed scrap additions to the ingot melt, Therefore, product analysis for elements not listed in Table 1 shall not be required unless specified and shall be considered to be in excess of the intent of this specification.

7.2 Product analysis tolerances, listed in Table 2, do not broaden the specified heat analysis requirements , but cover variations between different laboratories in the measurement of chemical content. The manufacturer shall not ship the finished product that is outside the limits specified in Table 1 for the applicable grade.

8. Tensile Requirements

8.1 The room temperature tensile properties of the tube in the condition normally supplied shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 3. Mechanical properties for conditions other than those given in this table may be established by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.(See Test Methods E 8.)

9. Flattening Test

9.1 Tubing shall withstand, without cracking, flattening under a load applied gradually at room temperature until the distance between the load platens is not more than H in. H is calculated as follows:

Where:

H = the minimum flattened height, in.(mm),

t = the nominal wall thickness, in.(mm),and

D = the nominal tube diameter, in.(mm).

For Grades 1,2,7,11,13,14,16,17,26,27,and 30:

e = 0.07 in. for all diameters                (2)

For Grade 3 and 31:

e = 0.04 through 1 in .diameter              (3)

e = 0.06 over 1 in. diameter                 (4)

For Grades 9,12,15,18, and 28:

e shall negotiated between the product and the purchaser

9.1.1 For welded tubing, the weld shall be positioned on the 90 or 270° centerline during loading so as to be subjected to a maximum stress.

9.1.2 When low D-to-t ratio tubular products are tested because the strain imposed due to geometry is unreasonably high on the inside surface at the six and twelve o’clock locations, cracks at these locations shall not be cause for rejection if the D-to-t ratio is less than ten(10).

TABLE 1  Chemical RequirementsA

^A Analysis shall be completed for all elements listed table for each grade. The analysis results for the elements not quantified in the table need not be reported unless the concentration level is greater than 0.1% each or 0.4% total.

^B lower hydrogen may be obtained by negotiation with the supplier.

^C Final product analysis.

^D Need not be reported.

^E A residual is an element present in a metal or alloy in small quantities an is inherent to the manufacturing process but not added intentionally. In titanium these elements include aluminum, vanadium, tin, chromium,

^F The purchase may, in his written purchase order, request analysis for specific residual elements not listed in this specification.

^G The percentage of titanium is determined by difference.

TABLE 2  Permissible Variations in Product Analysis

 ^A A residual is an element present in a metal or an alloy in small quantities inherent to the manufacturing process but added intentionally. In titanium these elements include aluminum, vanadium, tin, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, bismuth, ruthenium, palladium, yttrium, copper, silicon, cobalt, tantalum, nickel, boron, manganese, and tungsten.

9.2 The results from all calculations are to be rounded to two decimal places. Examination for cracking shall be by the unaided eye.

9.3 Welded tube shall be subjected to a reverse flattening test in accordance with Supplement Ⅱ of Test Methods and Definitions A 370. A section of the tube, approximately 4 in.(102 mm) long, that is slit longitudinally 90° either side of the weld, shall be opened and flattened with the weld at the point of maximum bend. No cracking is permitted.

10. Flaring Test

10.1 For tube 3 1/2 in.(88 mm)in outside diameter and smaller, and 0.134 in.(3.4mm) in wall thickness and thinner, a section of tube approximately 4 in. (102 mm) in length shall withstand being flared with a tool having a 60° included angle until the tube at the mouth of the flared end shall show no cracking or rupture visible to the unaided eye. Flaring tests on larger diameter tube or tubing outside the range of Table 4 shall be as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.

11. Nondestructive Tests

11.1 Welded tubing shall be tested using both a nondestructive electromagnetic test and an ultrasonic test as described in 11.2.1 and 11.2.2 Seamless and welded/cold worked tubing shall be tested using an ultrasonic test as described in 11.2.1.3.

11.1.1 Welded or seamless tubing shall be tested with a hydrostatic or pneumatic test as described in 11.3 or 11.4.

11.2 Nondestructive Electric or Ultrasonic Testing:

11.2.1 In order to accommodate the various types of nondestructive testing equipment and techniques in use, and the manufacturing methods employed, the following calibration standards shall be used to establish the minimum sensitivity level for rejection. For welded tubing, the artificial defects shall be placed in the parent metal.

11.2.1.1 Electromagnetic Testing—A drilled hole not larger than 0.031 in.(0.787 mm) in diameter shall be drilled completely through the skelp (for welded tube) or radially and completely through the tube wall (welded tube), with care being taken to avoid distortion of the tube while drilling.

11.2.1.2 Ultrasonic Testing (Welded Tubing)—A longitudinal notch 0.031 in. (0.787 mm) or less in width and 0.5in (12.7 mm)or less in length shall be machined on a radial parallel to the tube axis on the outside and inside of the tube. The notch depth shall not exceed 10% of the nominal wall of the tube or 0.004 in. (0.102 mm), whichever is greater. The length of the notch shall be located 180 degrees from the weld.

11.2.1.3 Ultrasonic Testing (Seamless and Welded/Cold Worked Tubing), Longitudinal and transverse notches not exceeding 0.010 in.(0.25 mm) in width and 10% of the nominal, in depth shall be machined on the inner and outer surfaces of the tube. The length of the notches shall not exceed 0.125 in.(3.18 mm).

11.2.2 Any tubes showing an indication in excess of that obtained from the calibration standard shall be set aside and be subject to rework, retest, or rejection. A tube thus set aside may be examined further for confirmation of the presence of a defect and may be resubmitted for inspection if no defect is found. Any tube may also be resubmitted for inspection if reworked so as to remove the defect within the specified diameter, and wall thickness tolerances are established from Table 5(rework by weld repair not permitted).

11.3 Hydrostatic Test:

11.3.1 Each tube so tested shall withstand, without showing bulges, leaks,or other defects, an internal hydrostatic pressure that will produce in the tube wall a stress of 50% of the minimum specified yield strength at room temperature. This pressure shall be determined by the equation:

P=Set/(R_o-0.4t)(5)

Where:

P = minimum hydrostatic test pressure, psi(or MPa),

S = allowable fiber stress of one half the minimum yield strength, psi(or MPa),

t = wall thickness , in. (or mm),

R_o = outside tube radius, in.(or mm),

E = 0.85 welded tube, and

E = 1.0 seamless and welded/cold worked tube.

   11.3.2 The maximum bydrostatic test pressure shall not exceed 2500 psi(17.2 MPa) for sizes 3 in.(76 mm) and under, or 2800 psi (19.3 MPa) for sizes over 3 in. Hydrostatic pressure shall be maintained for not less than 5 s. When requested by the purchaser and so stated in the order , tube in  sizes 14 in. (356 mm) in diameter and smaller shall be tested to one and one half times the specified working pressure, provided the fiber stress corresponding to those test pressures does not exceed one half the minimum specified yield strength of the material as determined by the working pressure exceeds 2800 psi(19.3 MPa), the hydrostatic test pressure shall be a matter of agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.

11.4 Pneumatic Test—Each tube so tested shall withstand an internal air pressure of 100 psi(0.69 MPa),minimum, for 5s, minimum, without showing evidence of leakage. The test method used shall permit permit easy detection of any leakage by using the pressure differential method or by placing the tube under water. Any evidence of leakage shall be cause for rejection of that tube.

TABLE 3  Tensile Requirements