Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 337; the number immediately following the designation indicated the year of original adoption or, In the case of revision , the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon(e)indicated an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This specification has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. Consult the DoD Index of Specifications and Standards for the specific year of issue which has been adopted by the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1This specification covers eight grades of seamless and welded titanium pipe intended for general corrosion-resisting and elevated-temperature service.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
2.Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 370 Test methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
E 120 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys
2.2 ANSI Standard:
B 36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for materials under this specification shall include the following information as required:
3.1.1 Quantity,
3.1.2 Grade number(see 5.1 and 7.1),
3.1.3 Nominal pipe size and schedule (Section 14 and Table X1.1),
3.1.4 lengths, random or specified cut lengths(see 14.3),
3.1.5 Method of manufacture and finish (Section 4 and 15.1),
3.1.6 Restrictive chemistry, if desired(see 5.1, Table 1),
3.1.7 Product analysis, if desired(section 6),
3.1.8 Special mechanical properties, if desired(see 7.1, Table 3),
3.1.9 Flattening tests(see 9.1),
3.1.10 Finish (see 15.1),
3.1.11 Marking (see 19.1)
3.1.12 Packaging 9see 18.1),
3.1.13 Inspection and required reports (section 16),and
3.1.14 Disposition of rejected material(Section 17).
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 Seamless pipe may be made by any seamless method that will yield a product meeting the requirements of this specification.
4.2 Welded pipe shall be made from flat-rolled products by an arc-welding process that will yield a product meeting the requirements of this specification. Faller metal, if used, shall be the same grade as the base metal, or the next lower strength grade for welding Grades 2 and 3. For welding Grade7,9,10,11,and 12, the filler metal, if used ,shall be the same as the grade specified. Welded pipe may be further reduced.
4.3 The pipe shall be furnished annealed, except for Grade 9, which may be furnished in either the annealed or stress-relief annealed condition, and Grade 10, Which shall be solution treated.
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 The titanium shall conform to the chemical requirements prescribed oin Table 1.
6. Product Analysis
6.1 When requested by the purchaser and stated in the purchase order, product analysis for any elements listed in Table 1 shall be made on the finished product.
6.2 The product analysis tolerances, listed in Table 2, do not broaden the specified heat analysis requirements, but cover variations between different laboratories in the measurement of chemical content. The manufacturer shall not ship finished product outside the limits specified in Table 1 for the applicable grade.
7. Tensile Requirements
7.1 The tensile properties of the pipe in the condition specified at room temperature, shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 3. Mechanical properties for other conditions may be established by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
8. Bending Test
8.1 Pipe 2 in.(51mm) and under in nominal diameter, shall be capable of being bent cold through 90° around a cylindrical mandrel that is twelve times the nominal diameter of the pipe, without developing cracks.
9. Flattening Test
9.1 Welded or seamless pipe shall be capable of withstanding, without cracking, flattening under a load applied gradually at room temperature until the distance between the load platens Is H inches. H is calculated as following:
| H,in.= |
(1+e)t |
|
E+t/D |
Where:
H=minimum flattened height, in.(mm),
T=nominal wall thickness,in.(mm),and
D=nominal pipe diameter, in.(mm)(not pipe size).
For Grades 1,2,7,and 11
e=0.06 in . for all pipe sizes
For Grade 3 and 12
e=0.04 through 1 in. pipe size
e=0.06 over 1 in.pipe size
Note 1—All calculations are rounded to two decimal place, Examination for cracking shall be by the unaided eye. TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
| Composition,% | ||||||||
| Element | Grade 1 | Grade 2 | Grade 3 | Grade 7 | Grade 9 | Grade 10 | Grade 11 | Grade 12 |
| Nitrogen,max | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Carbon,max | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.08 |
| Hydrogen,A max | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.013 | 0.020 | 0.015 | 0.015 |
| Iron,max | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.35 | 0.20 | 0.3 |
| Oxygen,max | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.35 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.25 |
| Palladium | … | … | … | 0.12to0.25 | … | … | 0.12 to 0.25 | … |
| Aluminum | … | … | … | … | 2.5to3.5 | … | … | … |
| Molybdenum | … | … | … | … | … | 10.0to 13.0 | … | 0.2 to 0.4 |
| Zirconium | … | … | … | … | … | 4.50 to 7.50 | … | … |
| Vanadium | … | … | … | … | 2.0to3.0 | … | … | … |
| Nickel | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | 0.6 to 0.9 |
| ResidualsB,C(each),max | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.05 |
| ResidualsB,C(total),max | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Titanium(by difference) | remainder | remainder | remainder | remainder | remainder | remainder | remainder | remainder |
A Lower hydrogen values may be obtained by negotiation with the manufacturer
B Need not be reported.
C A residual is an element present in a metal or alloy in small quantities and is inherent to the manufacturing process but not added intentionally. In titanium these elements include aluminum, vanadium, tin, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, bismuth, ruthenium, palladium, yttrium, copper, silicon, cobalt, tantalum, nickel, boron, manganese ,and tungsten.TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Product Analysis
|
Element |
% |
|
|
Maximum or specified Range |
Permissible Variation in Product Analysis |
|
|
Nitrogen |
0.05 |
+0.02 |
|
Carbon |
0.10 |
+0.02 |
|
Hydrogen |
0.015 |
+0.002 |
|
Iron |
0.50 |
+0.15 |
|
Oxygen |
0.30 |
+0.03 |
|
0.31 to 0.40 |
+0.04 |
|
|
Palladium |
0.12 to 0.25 |
±0.02 |
|
Molybdenum |
10.0 to 13.0 |
±0.25 |
|
Zirconium |
4.50 to 7.50 |
±0.30 |
|
Aluminum |
2.50 to 3.50 |
±0.40 |
|
Vanadium |
2.00 to 3.00 |
±0.15 |
|
Molybdenum |
0.2 to 0.4 |
±0.03 |
|
Nickel |
0.6 to 0.9 |
±0.05 |
|
ResidualsA(each) |
0.1 |
±0.02 |
A A residual is an element present in a metal or alloy in small quantities and is inherent to the manufacturing process but not added intentionally. In titanium these elements include aluminum, vanadium, tin, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, bismuth, ruthenium, palladium, yttrium, copper, silicon, cobalt, tantalum, nickel, boron, manganese, and tungsten.
9.2 For welded pipe, the weld shall be placed in the position of maximum deformation.
10 Hydrostatic Test
10.1 Each length of pipe shall withstand, without showing bulges , leaks, or other defects , an internal hydrostatic pressure that will produce in the pipe wall a stress of 50% of the minimum specified yield strength at room temperature. This pressure shall be determined by the equation: p=2St/D
where:
P = minimum hydrostatic test pressure, psi (MPa),
S = allowable fiber stress of one-half the minimum yield strength,
T = wall thickness, in.(mm),and
D = outside diameter, in.(mm).
10.2 The maximum hydrostatic test pressure shall not exceed 2500 psi(17.4 MPa)for sizes 3 in.(76 mm)and under, or 2800 psi (19.3 MPa) for sizes over 3 in.(76 mm).Hydrostatic pressure shall be maintained for not less than 5s. When requested by the purchaser and so stated in the order, pipe in sizes 14 in.(356 mm)in diameter and smaller, shall be tested to one –half times the specified working pressure ,provided the fiber stress corresponding to those test pressure ,provided the fiber stress corresponding to those test pressures does not exceed one-half the minimum specified yield strength of the material ,as determined by the equation given in 10.1. When one and one half times the working pressure exceeds 2800 psi (19.3 MPa) the hydrostatic test pressure shall be a matter of agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
11. Test Specimens and Methods of Testing
11.1 The test specimens and the tests required by this specification shall conform to those described in Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
11.2 All routine mechanical tests shall be made at room temperature.
11.3 For referee purposes, Test Methods E 120 shall be used. TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements
| Grade | Tensile Strength,min | Yield Stremgth,0.2% Offset Yield | Elongation in 2 in. or 50mm, min, % | ||||
| ksi | MPa | min | max | ||||
| ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | ||||
| 1 | 35 | 240 | 25 | 170 | 45 | 310 | 24 |
| 2 | 50 | 345 | 40 | 275 | 65 | 450 | 20 |
| 3 | 65 | 450 | 55 | 380 | 80 | 550 | 18 |
| 7 | 50 | 345 | 40 | 275 | 65 | 450 | 20 |
| 9A | 125 | 860 | 105 | 725 | .. | … | 10 |
| 9B | 90 | 620 | 70 | 485 | .. | … | 15 |
| 10C | 100 | 690 | 90 | 620 | .. | … | 10 |
| 11 | 35 | 240 | 25 | 170 | 45 | 310 | 24 |
| 12 | 70 | 483 | 50 | 345 | .. | … | 18 |
A Properties for cold-worked and stress-relieved material.
B Annealed.
C Solution treated.
12. Number of Tests
12.1 Tests shall be made as follows on 2% of the process length pipes, but in no case less than one pipe, selected at random from each lot(Note 2). Results of the following tests shall be reported to the purchaser or his representative.
12.1.1 One tension test from each pipe selected.
12.1.2 The flattening test specified in 9.1.
12.1.3 The test, required by 8.1, when specified by the purchaser.
Note 2—the term “lot” applies to all pipe of the same nominal size and wall thickness that is produced from the same heat of titanium and subjected to the same annealing and finishing operations.
12.2 If any test specimen shows defective machining or develops flaws due to the preparation, the specimen may be discarded and another substituted.
12.3 If the percentage of elongation of tension test specimen is less than that specified in 7.1, and any part of the fracture is more than 3/4 in.(19 mm) from the center of the gage length as indicated by scratches marked on the specimen before testing , the specimen may be discarded and another substituted.
12.4 Each length of pipe shall be subject to the hydrostatic test specified in 10.1 and 10.2.
13.Retests
13.1 If the results of any mechanical tests of any lot do not conform to the requirements specified in 7.1, 8.1, or 9.1, retests shall be made on additional pipe of double the original number from the same lot, each of which shall conform to the specified requirements.
14. Permissible Variations in Dimensions
14.1 Diameter—Variations in outside diameters shall not exceed those prescribed in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Permissible Variation in Diameter
|
Nominal Diameter |
Permissible Variations in outside Diameter |
|
|
Over |
Under |
|
|
1/8 to 11/2 in.(3.2 to 38mm),incl |
1/64 in. (0.397 mm) |
1/32 in. (0.794 mm) |
|
Over 11/2 to 4 in.(38 to 102mm),incl |
1/32 in. (0.794 mm) |
1/32 in. (0.794 mm) |
|
Over 4 to 8 in.(102 to 203 mm),incl |
1/16 in. (1.588 mm) |
1/32 in. (0.794 mm) |
|
Over 8 to 12 in.(203 to 305mm),incl |
3/32 in. (2.382 mm) |
1/32 in. (0.794 mm) |
14.2 Thickness—The variation in thickness at any point shall not be more than ±12.5% of the nominal wall thickness specified.
14.3 Length—Pipe shall be furnished in lengths as specified in the purchase order. No pipe shall be under the specified length and not more than 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) over that specified.
Note 3—AS system of standard pipe sizes approved by ANSI as American National Standard for Stainless Steel Pipe (ANSI B36.19-1965),reproduced as Table X1.1 in the Appendix to this specification, shall apply, pending the development of similar standards for titanium.
15. Finish
15.1 The finished pipe shall be reasonably straight, shall have smooth ends, free of burrs, and shall be free of injurious external and internal imperfections of a nature that will interfere with the purpose for which it is intended. Minor defects may be removed providing the dimensional tolerances of Section 14 are not exceeded. Unless otherwise specified, the pipe shall be furnished free of scale.
16. Inspection
16.1 All tests and inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture prior to shipmen and at the manufacturer’s expense unless otherwise specified, and shall be so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works. When specified in the order, the manufacturer may have his inspector present to witness any part of the tests that may be desired.
16.2When agreed upon in writing between the manufacturer and the purchaser, a certification that the material the basis of the acceptance of the material. Otherwise the manufacturer shall report to the purchaser or his representative the results of the chemical analyses and mechanical tests made in accordance with this specifition.
17. Rejection
17.1 Material not conforming to this specification or to authorized modifications shall be subject to rejection. Unless otherwise specified, rejected materials may be returned to the manufacturer at the manufacturer’s expense, unless the purchaser receives, within three weeks of notice of rejection, other instructions for disposition.
18. Packaging
18.1 the pipe shall be packaged in accordance with the manufacturer’s standard practice, unless otherwise agreed to between the manufacturer and the purchaser and so stated in the purchase order.
19. Product marking
19.1 Each length of pipe 3/8 in.(9.5 mm) nominal diameter and larger, manufactured in accordance with this specification, shall be legibly marked, either by stenciling stamping, or rolling with the manufacturer’s private identifying mark, the ASTM designation, the grade, and heat number. On smaller than 3/8 in. nominal diameter pipe which is bundled, the same information may be legibly stamped on a metal tag securely attached to each bundle.
20. Keywords
20.1 pipe; seamless pipe; titanium; titanium alloy; welded pipe
APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information) X1.PIPE DIMENSIONS
X1.1 Table X1.1 is a reprint of ANSI Standard for Stainless Steel Pipe(ANSI B36.19-1965) which is referred to in Note 2 under Section 12 of this specification. TABLE X1.1 Dimensions of Welded and Seamless Titanium Pipe
Note—The decimal thickness listed for the respective pipe sizes represents their nominal or average wall dimensions
| Nominal Size, in | Outside Diameter, in | Nominal Wall thickness. in. | |||
| Schedule 5S | Schedule 10S | Schedule 40S | Schedule 80S | ||
| 1/8 | 0.405 | … | 0.049 | 0.068 | 0.095 |
| 1/4 | 0.540 | … | 0.065 | 0.088 | 0.119 |
| 3/8 | 0.675 | … | 0.065 | 0.091 | 0.126 |
| 1/2 | 0.840 | 0.065 | 0.083 | 0.109 | 0.147 |
| 3/4 | 1.050 | 0.065 | 0.083 | 0.113 | 0.154 |
| 1 | 1.315 | 0.065 | 0.109 | 0.133 | 0.179 |
| 11/4 | 1.660 | 0.065 | 0.109 | 0.140 | 0.191 |
| 11/2 | 1.900 | 0.065 | 0.109 | 0.145 | 0.200 |
| 2 | 2.375 | 0.065 | 0.109 | 0.154 | 0.218 |
| 21/2 | 2.875 | 0.083 | 0.120 | 0.203 | 0.276 |
| 3 | 3.500 | 0.083 | 0.120 | 0.216 | 0.300 |
| 31/2 | 4.000 | 0.083 | 0.120 | 0.226 | 0..318 |
| 4 | 4.500 | 0.083 | 0.120 | 0.237 | 0.337 |
| 5 | 5.563 | 0.109 | 0.134 | 0.258 | 0.375 |
| 6 | 6.625 | 0.109 | 0.134 | 0.280 | 0.432 |
| 8 | 8.625 | 0.109 | 0.148 | 0.322 | 0.500 |
| 10 | 10.750 | 0.134 | 0.165 | 0.365 | 0.500 |
| 12 | 12.750 | 0.156 | 0.180 | 0.375 | 0.500 |
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